Critical Analysis Of The Mead-Freeman Debate - 1283 Words

Nature versus Nurture Controversy: Critical Analysis of The Mead-Freeman Debate Research Topic Outline In 1983, Derek Freeman challenged Margaret Mead’s 1928 ethnographic work Coming of Age in Samoa, Freeman asserted that Mead’s conclusion of adolescent behavior conflicted with important facts within the social sciences. Freeman’s critique sparked an intense controversy in anthropology regarding the concept of nature versus nurture. Freeman claimed that Boasians’ insisted on separating cultural determinism (nurture) from biological determinism (nature). Thus, various academic writings emerged in support of one concept over the latter. Even though, most modern-day scholars support both cultural determinism and biological determinism in†¦show more content†¦The articles range from claims for â€Å"bio-anthropology† to Mead protagonist who dispute the claims suggested by Freeman. Moreover, Caton’s work is a source for all publications relating to the Samoa controversy and the issues that were raised in anthropology as a result of it. Fur thermore, Caton’s work provides a guideline for understanding the various works produced by scholars because of the controversy, and the impact these works as well as the primary works of Mead and Freeman had on anthropology, other disciplines, and public opinion. Freeman, Derek 1983 Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Derek Freeman in his work Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth, discusses Margaret Mead’s fieldwork in Samoa in 1925 under the recommendation of her then professor Franz Boaz. Freeman maintains that the conclusion reached by Mead, that stresses associated with adolescence in the United States and other areas had cultural not biological causes, is wrong. Freeman’s work complies the evidence Freeman believes supports his claim that the conclusion reached by Mead was mistaken. Derek Freeman states that upon starting his field work in the islands of Western Samoa, he considered himself a cultural determinist. However, after two years within the field, he found that much of the work written by Mead in easternShow MoreRelatedAn Article On Real Life Situation Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesconclusion, a similar experiment is performed. If results are not similar, then the issue is put forward for scientific debate. These vigorous validit y checks and the use of the correspondence truth checks allows for a kind of safety netting. For example: New Zealand anthropologist Derek Freeman challenged the findings of Margaret Mead about samoan sexuality. Since then, his analysis has been torn apart by the general scientific community. Paul Shankman concluded in 2009 that, â€Å"there is now a largeRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesreduce risk. An illustrative case study to examine implementation trends was developed through the examination of current on-farm food safety issues and programs, with specific focus on the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers (OGVG) hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)- based initiative. In 2003, OGVG s 200 members had a combined farm-gate value of $350 million and represented 41 per cent of North American greenhouse vegetable production. Program implementation barriers identified included:Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Jud ge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesMaxwell, Saint Thomas University Brenda McAleer, University of Maine at Augusta Christina McCale, Regis College Don McCormick, California State University Northridge James McElroy, Iowa State University Bonnie McNeely, Murray State University Melony Mead, University of Phoenix Steven Meisel, La Salle University Nancy Meyer-Emerick, Cleveland State University Catherine Michael, St. Edwards University Sandy Miles, Murray State University Janice Miller, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee Leann Mischel

Extreme Couponers Essay Example For Students

Extreme Couponers Essay What is it? First of all, we need to figure out what coupons are. They are a kind of document that allows a customer to buy certain goods at a discount. An example of it may be a campaign of Coca-Cola which was the first company who has provided its customers with coupons giving them a free glass of the drink. Extreme consumers are not those people who cut them out of newspapers and use them once in a while. It is specifically about the shopper who devotes an enormous amount of time for looking for coupons and then buys so many products using them that a threat for the company existing appears. The reasons for couponing usage Popularity Although this trend appeared at the end of the XIX century, couponing is still popular today. We find out about it from our neighbors, television, and radio and so on. As far as Im concerned its due to the fact that many managers consider it to be a good mean of advertising and involvement of more people. When coupons are distributed to ordinary people but not to extreme consumers, who use it too actively, they can help to attract new buyers and increase revenue significantly. That’s why couponing is still used actively even after such a great amount of time since it has appeared. Savings The most popular reason among extreme consumers for using it is an opportunity to save some money. In such way, they can spend this money on something else and increase the budget of their family. A bright example of such shoppers is the shopper who used his coupons and paid only $5 instead of $2500 for the desired product. I think you can count on your own how big his savings were in this case. Burst of Adrenaline A great amount of extreme consumers claims that they do that because they feel a burst of adrenaline after using coupons because they are capable to fool the system and spend less money than other people buying the same products. Availability The only way to get discount in such a way earlier was to cut coupons out of newspaper. Nowadays it has become much easier to get them. In the era of high technology, extreme consumers can receive them with the help of the Internet, television and their mobile devices. Some managers use social media offering coupons to their customers. There are many websites, visitors of which have an opportunity to print them. Coupons also may be got with the help of television. There are many programs where you can win a pair of them. Development of mobile devices has also played into the hand of extreme consumers. More specifically, there are many applications offering to send coupons straight on your smartphone. Modern technologies help extreme consumers to spare a great amount of time. Negative effects of couponing Extreme consumers have no idea about the negative effects which are caused by their actions. In reality, they affect the company, every other consumer and themselves as well. One marketer claims that there are such negative effects on: The company The shopper who actively uses a lot of coupons doesn’t think about the possible consequences of their actions. First of all, their lust for savings has a bad impact on the income of the company. As a result, the company may appear not to be able to withstand such pressure and go bankrupt. Other consumers Every other consumer is also influenced by couponing. First of all, there may be problems with accepting coupons from extreme consumers. It takes a great amount of time to enter them into a computer base. It may result in outrage of other customers. The shopper who is in a hurry and wants to buy a small number of products, for instance, may get angry. Its only one example of a negative effect on another shopper. Another one is lack of an alternative. Its harder for an ordinary consumer to buy some product because extreme shopper often wants to buy a specific product and takes everything from the shelf. So, there are not so many goods for ordinary shopper left. Extreme consumers .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 , .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 .postImageUrl , .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 , .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710:hover , .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710:visited , .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710:active { border:0!important; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710:active , .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710 .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued43a73c3c7a9b3a3ef3afedd5b4c710:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Invisible Man Persuasive EssaySpeaking about the negative influence of couponing I cannot mention the impact it makes on extreme consumers themselves. There are a lot of examples of getting addicted to this activity in an effort to get more savings. Extreme shoppers may become too obsessed with coupons and spend the majority of time trying to get as many coupons as possible. To sum up, I would like to say its really important to find a middle ground dealing with questions about couponing, specifically for the company. Its essential to find a good marketer and managers who will be able to set up the right system of coupon offering and to control the situation. Its better to spend a little more money and hire a professional marketer who knows how it works than to go bankrupt.